Method

1. 01

   Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Cook pasta according to package directions until al dente; reserve 1 cup pasta water before draining.

2. 02

   While pasta cooks, heat olive oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Add sliced garlic and red pepper flakes; cook for 3–4 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the garlic is deep golden brown and fragrant.

3. 03

   Add spinach to the skillet in batches, stirring, until fully wilted, about 2 minutes total.

4. 04

   Add cooked pasta directly to the skillet. Pour in 1/2 cup of the reserved pasta water and toss well. Add more pasta water as needed to create a light, silky sauce that coats the noodles.

5. 05

   Zest the lemon and squeeze the juice over the pasta. Toss in most of the parmesan, reserving some for garnish. Season to taste with salt and black pepper.

6. 06

   Serve hot, topped with remaining parmesan and an extra pinch of red pepper flakes if desired.